A Skills-Based Disaster Literacy Framework to Improve Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery

Abstract

This study presents the development of the Disaster Literacy Core Skills (DLCS) framework, a structured, skills-based model designed to improve disaster preparedness, response, and recovery at the individual and societal levels. Using qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with 20 disaster experts from diverse backgrounds, the study identifies and categorizes core disaster literacy competencies into four skill domains: practical, cognitive, social, and adaptive. These competencies are further organized across the preparedness, response, and recovery phases of the disaster management cycle, including basic search and rescue (SAR) skills. The framework addresses a critical gap by moving beyond theoretical knowledge to emphasize actionable skills such as first aid, risk assessment, emergency communication, financial resilience, and psychological coping. Findings highlight the importance of integrating digital literacy, mental health support, and community engagement into disaster education. The DLCS framework provides a foundation for developing evidence-based policies, educational curricula, and resilience initiatives to equip individuals and communities with basic skills to effectively survive, adapt, and recover in the face of increasingly complex and unpredictable disasters.